Prepositions: Essential Grammar for Written Discourses
A preposition shows the relationship between a noun (or pronoun) and other words in a sentence regarding time, place, or direction/purpose.
1. Prepositions of Time (at, on, in)
Correct time prepositions are essential for writing formal letters, notices, and event reports.
at is used for precise times, clock hours, and specific moments.
The seminar begins at 10:00 AM.
Assemble in the auditorium at noon.
on is used for specific days, dates, and days of the week.
The exam will be held on 28 October 2026.
We conduct Eco Club activities on Mondays.
in is used for months, years, centuries, seasons, and general times of day.
I passed SSLC in 2024.
The improvement exam is in October.
The seagulls fly in the morning.
💡 Quick Rule:
at(specific time) $\rightarrow$on(specific day/date) $\rightarrow$in(broader time period).
2. Prepositions of Place (at, in, on, to)
Place prepositions are critical for cover letters, bio-data, travelogues, and notices.
at denotes a specific point, location, or landmark.
Assemble at the school auditorium.
The young seagull was standing at the edge of the cliff.
in denotes an enclosed space, large geographical area, city, or country.
Maggie lived in London.
I reside in Kozhikode.
on denotes surface placement.
He stood on the ledge.
Post the notice on the bulletin board.
to indicates movement toward a destination.
Mr. Gupta was going to India.
3. Prepositions Frequently Tested in Editing Questions
Kerala DHSE editing passages frequently feature preposition errors. Watch out for these common patterns:
| Incorrect Usage | Correct Usage | Explanation / Rule |
| He has been working from two years. | He has been working for two years. | for is used for a duration/period of time; since is used for a specific starting point (since 2024). |
| Maggie was interested to buy flowers. | Maggie was interested in buying flowers. | The adjective interested takes the fixed preposition in followed by a gerund (-ing form). |
| The seagull was afraid from flying. | The seagull was afraid of flying. | The adjective afraid takes the fixed preposition of. |
| Apply for the post to the Manager. | Apply for the post to the Manager. | You apply for a job, but apply to a person/authority. |
4. Fixed Prepositional Phrases for Exam Discourses
Use these prepositions to write formal cover letters, speeches, and reports accurately:
Formal Letters / Applications:
In response to your advertisement...
I am writing to apply for the post of Junior Officer...
With reference to the subject cited above...
Speeches & Essays:
Focus on the three pillars...
According to Christine Lagarde...
In spite of physical challenges...
Character Sketches & Reviews:
Depicted as a resilient girl...
Deep love for her family...
Based on real-life events...
Practice Exercise (DHSE Exam Style)
Task: Fill in the blanks with the correct prepositions (in, at, on, for, of, to).
The seminar on environmental awareness will be held _____ 5 November 2026 _____ the school hall.
Maggie saved a shilling to buy flowers _____ her brother's grave.
Stephen Hawking was famous _____ his research on black holes.
The young seagull was afraid _____ falling into the sea.